How to Avoid a Climate Disaster: The Solutions We Have and the Breakthroughs We Need

How to Avoid a Climate Disaster: The Solutions We Have and the Breakthroughs We Need

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  • Create Date:2021-03-17 08:15:52
  • Update Date:2025-09-06
  • Status:finish
  • Author:Bill Gates
  • ISBN:0735280444
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Summary

Bill Gates shares what he's learned in more than a decade of studying climate change and investing in innovations to address the problems, and sets out a vision for how the world can build the tools it needs to get to zero greenhouse gas emissions。

Bill Gates explains why he cares so deeply about the climate crisis and what makes him optimistic that the world can prevent the worst of it。 Gates says,"We can work on a local, national and global level to build the technologies, businesses and industries to avoid the worst impacts of climate change。"

His interest in climate change is a natural outgrowth of efforts by his foundation to reduce poverty and disease。 Climate change, according to Gates, will have the biggest impact on the people who have done the least to cause it。 As a technologist, he has seen first-hand how innovation can change the world。 By investing in research, inventing new technologies, and deploying them quickly at large scale, Gates believes climate change can be addressed in meaningful ways。 He says, "To prevent the worst effects, we have to get to net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases。 The problem is urgent, and the debate in complex, but I believe we can come together to invent new carbon-zero technologies, deploy the ones we have, and ultimately avoid a climate catastrophe。"

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Reviews

Alex

Well explained, factual and down to earth, but realistic。A good book for anyone wanting to learn more about climate change and more importantly understand what one can do as a citizen, employee or human being overall。

Jon Parsons

If you're remotely knowledgeable then you can probably skip this as you'll find it pretty repetitive。 Nothing wrong with his arguments, nothing really new here for me。 If you're remotely knowledgeable then you can probably skip this as you'll find it pretty repetitive。 Nothing wrong with his arguments, nothing really new here for me。 。。。more

Blai Carandell Saladich

This issue is too important to leave to idealism。 While he can definitely be accused of hypocrisy (private jet!), Bill Gates enjoys a first row seat to the most important debates of our time。 Who else can claim to have spoken with so many political leaders, have heard so many pitches and have the time and resources to make a coherent opinion?He presents very clear areas of improvement and guidelines that go beyond the "we are all doomed" and "we must work together" discourse, which is refreshing This issue is too important to leave to idealism。 While he can definitely be accused of hypocrisy (private jet!), Bill Gates enjoys a first row seat to the most important debates of our time。 Who else can claim to have spoken with so many political leaders, have heard so many pitches and have the time and resources to make a coherent opinion?He presents very clear areas of improvement and guidelines that go beyond the "we are all doomed" and "we must work together" discourse, which is refreshing in this field。Only concern is, can we actually do it? Can politicians stick to a plan for "0 emissions" 2050 while shunning "fewer emissions" alternatives in the short run? Will the public embrace bold solutuons such as nuclear energy?I guess we are all doomed and must work together。 。。。more

Elizabeth

I thought this book did a great job capturing all of the moving pieces that are creating the hot mess that is climate change in a relatively quick and easy read。 It was easy to digest, well laid out, and I certainly learned a thing or two。 I will say that the first chapter, especially for anyone who is already stressed out about climate change, its insanely anxiety inducing and created a sense of immense panic。 I'd imagine that is the point - especially for someone who might be picking up the bo I thought this book did a great job capturing all of the moving pieces that are creating the hot mess that is climate change in a relatively quick and easy read。 It was easy to digest, well laid out, and I certainly learned a thing or two。 I will say that the first chapter, especially for anyone who is already stressed out about climate change, its insanely anxiety inducing and created a sense of immense panic。 I'd imagine that is the point - especially for someone who might be picking up the book and doesn't feel climate change is really that bad。The only downfall - which probably was more my expectations of the book versus the writing or content itself - was that a lot of the changes this book advocates for are way beyond what I can do as an individual。 Things like adopting new energy policies, rethinking the ways we use energy, extract fuel, and investing (like billions of dollars investing) in greener technologies all around。 I liked that Bill discussed the importance of voting both politically and with your dollar to make changes, but I think this section could've been more in depth - especially when you have thousands of readers who likely are feeling empowered to make those changes。 。。。more

Renee Lareau

This book provides a great overview of climate change solutions for a lay person。 Some of it was not new to me but a lot of it was (e。g。 potential solutions like carbon capture and progress within the auto industry)。 Environmental activist Bill McKibben reviewed this book for the NYT and claimed that Gates uses old/dated data--apparently there has been recent progress in decreasing the costs of solar and wind power--and that Gates doesn't highlight the roles of politicians and activists enough。 This book provides a great overview of climate change solutions for a lay person。 Some of it was not new to me but a lot of it was (e。g。 potential solutions like carbon capture and progress within the auto industry)。 Environmental activist Bill McKibben reviewed this book for the NYT and claimed that Gates uses old/dated data--apparently there has been recent progress in decreasing the costs of solar and wind power--and that Gates doesn't highlight the roles of politicians and activists enough。 Maybe so, but I still learned a lot from this book。 To me, Bill Gates is such a mensch! And I do love geeks。 。。。more

Niels

Important contribution to the climate discussion, mainly because of the celebrity status of the author。 Not particularly groundbreaking, but that is as far as I can understand on purpose。 Targeted towards US citizens。

Maldifassi Giovanni

Devo dire che mettermi a recensire un libro di Bill Gates mi mette un po in imbarazzo。Nel senso che mi viene da dire ma chi sono io per mettermi a giudicare una delle menti più geniali presenti sulla Terra。Anche se sento di condividere una qualche forma di familiarità con chi ha inventato quel sistema operativo che uso praticamente da quando è apparso sul mercato。Vedo che gran parte delle recensioni che ha avuto finora questo libro sono appesantite da un incredibilmente diffuso giudizio o meglio Devo dire che mettermi a recensire un libro di Bill Gates mi mette un po in imbarazzo。Nel senso che mi viene da dire ma chi sono io per mettermi a giudicare una delle menti più geniali presenti sulla Terra。Anche se sento di condividere una qualche forma di familiarità con chi ha inventato quel sistema operativo che uso praticamente da quando è apparso sul mercato。Vedo che gran parte delle recensioni che ha avuto finora questo libro sono appesantite da un incredibilmente diffuso giudizio o meglio pre-giudizio “di pancia” che sembra sottintendere questo assunto : una delle persone più ricche del mondo che si mette a fare la morale a chi vive tutta un altra vita è quanto meno irritante。Questi tycoon che si danno alle opere di bene forse hanno il bisogno psicologico di far dimenticare l’abisso che li divide dalla gente comune e quindi di farsi perdonare la loro strabocchevole ricchezza。leggi di piùhttps://gmaldif-pantarei。blogspot。com。。。 。。。more

M。 Gary Berg

⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️ Very good read 📖, I now have a better awareness on climate change, it’s impacts, & what needs to be done 👍🏻

Bernardo Vailati

Resumo: É curto e pé-no-chão, provavelmente vale sua leitura。 Por incrível que pareça, de todos os livros que li sobre a crise climática nos últimos meses, esse foi um dos que mais gostei。A perspectiva é que as emissões de carbono vem muitas faces do desenvolvimento e não é viável apostar a solução da crise climática na redução do crescimento dos países, muito menos na dos países desenvolvidos。O caminho que ele propõe é talvez o esperado de um bilionário da tecnologia: apostar pesado no investim Resumo: É curto e pé-no-chão, provavelmente vale sua leitura。 Por incrível que pareça, de todos os livros que li sobre a crise climática nos últimos meses, esse foi um dos que mais gostei。A perspectiva é que as emissões de carbono vem muitas faces do desenvolvimento e não é viável apostar a solução da crise climática na redução do crescimento dos países, muito menos na dos países desenvolvidos。O caminho que ele propõe é talvez o esperado de um bilionário da tecnologia: apostar pesado no investimento de novas tecnologias de geração e distribuição de energia limpa, eletrificar tudo que pode ser eletrificado e capturar de volta o carbono das áreas que não são facilmente descarbonizadas, como produção de cimento ou aviação。Uma das ideias centrais é de "green premium", o valor a mais pago por usar um combustível ou tecnologia descarbonizada。 A ideia é focar os investimentos dos países desenvolvidos em diminuir os premiums e assim facilitar a adoção dessas novas tecnologias, especialmente dos países em desenvolvimento que são os que mais crescem hoje em dia。No geral me pareceu bem pé no chão, com muitas das tecnologias citadas já recebendo investimentos e funcionando, por exemplo captura de carbono e biocombustíveis aéreos。O maior empecilho, como sempre, parece ser a questão política, e aqui não há grandes propostas, mas um "call to action" para maior regulamentação governamental (vinda de um bilionário, veja só!) e colaboração pública-privada。 。。。more

Simon Mascarenhas

"We are at the same point today with climate change as we were several years ago with pandemics"The entire concept of climate change explained with such brevity yet with simple numbers for the reader to comprehend。 Deep insights into The Gates Foundation and the themes/initiatives they work on to heal the world and make it a better place。 This is the book to know how and why we need to get from 51 billion tons of greenhouse gases to zero through those Kitty Hawk moments。 "We are at the same point today with climate change as we were several years ago with pandemics"The entire concept of climate change explained with such brevity yet with simple numbers for the reader to comprehend。 Deep insights into The Gates Foundation and the themes/initiatives they work on to heal the world and make it a better place。 This is the book to know how and why we need to get from 51 billion tons of greenhouse gases to zero through those Kitty Hawk moments。 。。。more

Mariano

Me gustó。 Ayuda a visualizar la magnitud del problema y el camino que deberíamos seguir para solucionarlo。

Ted

How to avoid a climate disaster? Avoid outrageous nonsense contained in books like this。 Amazing how there have been claims of a future 'Climate Disaster' since the late 70's that were always going to occur in the next 5-10 years。 Fortunately we have 'miraculously avoided' about a dozen foretold 'climate disasters'。 Time to pitch this stuff to the rubbish heap! How to avoid a climate disaster? Avoid outrageous nonsense contained in books like this。 Amazing how there have been claims of a future 'Climate Disaster' since the late 70's that were always going to occur in the next 5-10 years。 Fortunately we have 'miraculously avoided' about a dozen foretold 'climate disasters'。 Time to pitch this stuff to the rubbish heap! 。。。more

Dwight

Must read for every one that cares about future generations of the human race as well as life in general。

TOM Lettis

Known and new ideas for getting to zero, worth the time to read。

Jonathan

This book does a good job of explaining the massive problem of slowing down climate change to a non-technical audience。 It's a not a book to convince a climate change skeptic that it's a real problem-- that's assumed。 It's a book for the average person who is concerned about the problem, would like to fix it, and wants to understand the challenges involved in slowing or stopping climate change。Gates makes the case that the only way to stop the climate from changing is to get to net-zero carbon e This book does a good job of explaining the massive problem of slowing down climate change to a non-technical audience。 It's a not a book to convince a climate change skeptic that it's a real problem-- that's assumed。 It's a book for the average person who is concerned about the problem, would like to fix it, and wants to understand the challenges involved in slowing or stopping climate change。Gates makes the case that the only way to stop the climate from changing is to get to net-zero carbon emissions。 He breaks down the major sources of the 51 billion tons of carbon emitted each year, and lays out the challenge in getting to zero emissions in each major source。 Within each source he speaks about the solutions available today, their costs, and the technological innovation that will be required to fully realize the net-zero goal。 There were a few takeaways for me:1。 Building things with steal, cement, and plastic accounts for 30% of carbon emissions and currently there's no viable carbon-free alternative。2。 Technological innovation will be necessary to address the challenge in building and just about every other area3。 As the poor world escapes poverty we should expect energy consumption and construction to be several times what they are today。 That's a great thing that we don't want to hinder-- we can't solve climate change by halting development。 。。。more

Janna

Gates’ call to action outlines purely pragmatic approaches, coupled with an unwavering optimism in science and technology。 Actor Wil Wheaton’s narration is excellent, but Gate’s writing style is more textbook than manifesto (not exactly riveting storytelling)。 Gates acknowledges his limited influence and interest in politics and culture, and he seems aware that these factors are more difficult to control than the technological solutions。 But this makes for a lack of discussion about geopolitical Gates’ call to action outlines purely pragmatic approaches, coupled with an unwavering optimism in science and technology。 Actor Wil Wheaton’s narration is excellent, but Gate’s writing style is more textbook than manifesto (not exactly riveting storytelling)。 Gates acknowledges his limited influence and interest in politics and culture, and he seems aware that these factors are more difficult to control than the technological solutions。 But this makes for a lack of discussion about geopolitical conflicts and intractable differences, for which we’ll need solutions to champion innovation and economic cooperation。 Complete review available on the Audiobook Reviews in Five Minutes podcast:https://podcast。jannastam。com/episode。。。 。。。more

Kush Naker

Easy to read and very important topic but not ambitious enough, and unclear who he intended the audience to be。A little too American focussed in parts, and many changes proposed particularly regarding changes in govt policies were a little too vague, and hard for ordinary citizen to know how to act on other than to simply propose these nebulous ideas to policymakers。I only wish he could have been clearer in drilling into the details of both describing the projections of warming (so as to be clea Easy to read and very important topic but not ambitious enough, and unclear who he intended the audience to be。A little too American focussed in parts, and many changes proposed particularly regarding changes in govt policies were a little too vague, and hard for ordinary citizen to know how to act on other than to simply propose these nebulous ideas to policymakers。I only wish he could have been clearer in drilling into the details of both describing the projections of warming (so as to be clearer on why not meeting net zero by 2050 would be a disaster, and risk of disaster even by leaving it that long to get to net zero) as well as a clearer push to reduce wasteful consumption in high income countries。Why tell people to eat 1-2 less burgers a week rather than to go vegan? I appreciate veganism may seem radical to most, but he repeatedly states in the book we shouldn't be afraid of investing in and promoting radical solutionsRadical behaviour (and mindset) change should go alongside technology changes 。。。more

Matt Benic

I can't say I share Bill Gates's optimism about our ability to reach necessary goals to prevent catastrophic climate change。 I just don't think there is sufficient personal or political will to deal with such large and abstract (to most people) problems。 The Covid pandemic has only reinforced my pessimism in this area。That said, his optimism is inspiring, and given that he is significantly better educated on the relevant topics he may be right。 And I really appreciate his distilling down that ed I can't say I share Bill Gates's optimism about our ability to reach necessary goals to prevent catastrophic climate change。 I just don't think there is sufficient personal or political will to deal with such large and abstract (to most people) problems。 The Covid pandemic has only reinforced my pessimism in this area。That said, his optimism is inspiring, and given that he is significantly better educated on the relevant topics he may be right。 And I really appreciate his distilling down that education into an easily digestible format in this book。 His focus to solutions probably lands a bit more on the "keep going and solve the consequences with technology" side than I would agree with, but this is unsurprising given his background。 His emphasis of the importance of goverment and not just industry is welcome and his experience in dealing with government and industry co-operation of this kind of level provides some good insights。Overall, I think this is a good read to get an overview of the challenges that need solving, one view on how they should be prioritised, and some of the potential solutions to those challenges。 。。。more

Deniz K

This review has been hidden because it contains spoilers。 To view it, click here。 First things first : There’s so much negative hype around this book and most are directed at the writer。 I don’t think some people who wrote reviews even bothered to read the book。 I read some of the one-star comments and most were funny (a typical example is : don’t listen to him, he’s eating meat !)Well, I also eat meat, so does billions other people around the globe。 But I also want to extend my understanding about the climate challenge, so I read the book and liked it because he tries to exp First things first : There’s so much negative hype around this book and most are directed at the writer。 I don’t think some people who wrote reviews even bothered to read the book。 I read some of the one-star comments and most were funny (a typical example is : don’t listen to him, he’s eating meat !)Well, I also eat meat, so does billions other people around the globe。 But I also want to extend my understanding about the climate challenge, so I read the book and liked it because he tries to explain a huge and very complex subject in a way most people could understand。 He starts by saying there are really two numbers that are important : 51 Billion (the amount if greenhouse gases the world adds every year to the atmosphere) and zero (what we need to aim for)。Then he breakdowns the 51 billion into 5 categories and tackle each with some detail:Getting around (all manners of transportation) : 16%Growing things (plants and animals) : 19%Plugging in (electricity) : 27%Making things (all production) : 31% Keeping warm & cold (heating - cooling - refrigeration) : 7%Bill Gates believes that in order to have better lives, more people should have access to more of everything ; but we mustn’t kill the planet in the process。Since he’s a techie, he believes innovation will save the way, guided by clever policies and market demand。 He makes it very very clear that the problems are numerous and complex, and sometimes counterproductive。 And most importantly, he advocates for a global approach where rich(er) nations to do more。 Do I understand / agree with all his ideas : Definitely not。Do I have a better understanding about the problem and have a good starting base on the points I can make / facilitate a difference : Definitely yes。 。。。more

Iancu S。

A clearly written book, providing an accessible and comprehensive overview of the complex nexus between GHG emissions and the global economy。 A recurrent theme is the need for innovation and R&D into breakthrough technologies that can help reduce the 'green premium' (the pricing gap between high- and low-carbon technologies - e。g。 between the production of hydrogen using fossil fuels vs。 clean power)。 Whilst this approach brings the scale of the challenge into sharp relief, it runs the risk of c A clearly written book, providing an accessible and comprehensive overview of the complex nexus between GHG emissions and the global economy。 A recurrent theme is the need for innovation and R&D into breakthrough technologies that can help reduce the 'green premium' (the pricing gap between high- and low-carbon technologies - e。g。 between the production of hydrogen using fossil fuels vs。 clean power)。 Whilst this approach brings the scale of the challenge into sharp relief, it runs the risk of creating a sense of paralysis。 For all of Gates' emphasis on the role of innovators and the private sector (although, thankfully, significant mention is made of the crucial role of government as a market-maker and driver of innovation), the implied perspective is often that of an all-powerful central planner, who tallies up the costs of rethinking the existing energy system root-and-branch。 But much of this innovation happens at the margin, even if the effects are far from marginal。 Clean power is a good example of this: the first tipping point is when it became cheaper to *build* new renewable capacity rather than new fossil plants - this is now true for 2/3rds of the world's population。 At this stage, the *growth* in power supply becomes dominated by cleantech。 The second tipping point comes when it costs less to build new renewables then it is to *run* your coal/gas plants。 This, too, is underway (https://www。irena。org/newsroom/pressr。。。)。 Putting the two together (and extrapolating to energy, not just power; similar dynamics are at play with regards to road transport and electric vehicles, for example) - past the first tipping point, demand for fossil fuels stops growing, past the second point, it begins to decline。 It seems strange that a book that speaks so much of innovation and costs fails, in my view, to properly reflect the truly disruptive and innovative dynamics at play here。 Why disruptive? Partly because financial markets are responsive to these marginal dynamics - investors are likely to seek to time their departure from a sector in decline *long before* its products are completely phased out。 My point is that change is afoot, and the energy sector is undergoing a transformation that you might not fully appreciate from Gates' treatment of the subject。 Yes, it would cost a lot for a *single* planner to build all the high-voltage transmission lines, retire all the coal plants, etc。 But climate solutions, as Elinor Ostrom pointed out, are much more 'polycentric' - and that is partly what is already happening today。 (None of this is to deny that this transition would be much smoother if coordinated properly by governments。 As energy guru Michael Liebreich pointed out, reaching net zero emissions is a trade strategy, a planning strategy, an international development strategy and a skills strategy, but not everyone in government has realised this yet)。 To be sure, energy is, in a way, the low(-carbon)-hanging fruit - Gates rightfully emphasises the challenges in how to decarbonise cement manufacture, heavy-duty transport, and other 'hard-to-abate' sectors - areas where that green premium is often stubbornly high。 In sum, Gates provides a clear and lucid discussion of the problem and many of the technological and policy solutions (though not without some blindspots - there are only two cursory mentions of the role shareholders have in pushing investee companies to step up。 Investors are still primarily seen as the Magi coming in pilgrimage to the garages where tinkerers have given birth to cleantech prototypes。 How to make the vast pools of capital *already entangled* in the fossil economy become part of the solution - even if one agrees with Gates that wholesale divestment is not a magic bullet - is not something that really features in the book)。 However, with economic arguments (think about the poor in India!) being often the new face of climate denialism, 'How to Avoid a Climate Disaster' manages to elloquently re-state, but not re-frame this vital debate。 。。。more

Yasir

What a great book , I hope one day human kind will understood the catastrophe that the elder did & fix the world。

Ritika Kapoor

What I loved was: despite presenting the urgency and truth of climate change, Gates was able to execute this book in a very optimistic, logical and pragmatic tone。

Kate

I knew the basics of climate change but wanted to dig in。 This book was informative, accessible, and not the least bit preachy。 I learned a ton and am now motivated to learn even more。

Eric

This is a great synthesis of the various pieces of the climate puzzle with great breadth and depth。 Gates has synthesized a wide range of knowledge across disciplines, and over time - including future invention - and has created a great overview and introduction to the state of the art of climate change。 In addition to taking a wide view, it is a data driven, top-down approach which is what I would do to understand and attack a large problem。 So it really puts into context individual actions and This is a great synthesis of the various pieces of the climate puzzle with great breadth and depth。 Gates has synthesized a wide range of knowledge across disciplines, and over time - including future invention - and has created a great overview and introduction to the state of the art of climate change。 In addition to taking a wide view, it is a data driven, top-down approach which is what I would do to understand and attack a large problem。 So it really puts into context individual actions and what needs to be done。 For example, that switching things to electricity and then using clean power generation is what I would usually think of, he shares that concrete is a major source and that their is no way around the fundamental chemical reaction which produces carbon emissions。 In addition to the construction items, agriculture was also new to me an interesting - he has worked in some (technical) history as well。I was not as convinced that his particular path is the correct way to go or that the understanding of human interests is completely flushed out。 I agree with the concept that making the price of clean energy lower would allow the market to do it's thing, but there are a lot of comments about what various actors and nations should do or need to do, and what is good or bad。 While everyone can probably agree that more storms and the planet becoming unlivable is not good, I'm less comfortable applying judgements to others, especially in different cultural & economic context, and would like to take their opinions into account more。While written as an optimistic book, it is also a bit scary in the description of the sheer breadth of things that must be done in very little time。 That is probably useful for people to read about。I "read" the Audible unabridged version with pdf images。 Gates himself read the forewood。 。。。more

me llaman calle 楷

There's a lot I don't agree with here, including his support for the Green Revolution and chemical fertilizers ("use it, and use lots of it!"), and of course, his unwavering belief in the power of the Market and technology。 However, this book is powerfully clear, and provides a hopeful roadmap。 Quick, timely read。 There's a lot I don't agree with here, including his support for the Green Revolution and chemical fertilizers ("use it, and use lots of it!"), and of course, his unwavering belief in the power of the Market and technology。 However, this book is powerfully clear, and provides a hopeful roadmap。 Quick, timely read。 。。。more

Patricia

Fantastic primer on the key contributors to climate change and the proposed solutions for minimizing their impact。 Clear, well organized, and easy to consume for a non-technical audience。

Russ Guill

An eye-opening book that I believe everyone should read。 I was actually overwhelmed by it because there’s so much we need to do - and in so many areas。 I hope this book will inspire people to do more where they can and help make the changes future generations will thank us for。

Zack

Engaging read with lots of insights and data as to be expected from him。 I finished it feeling more optimistic that we can tackle this climate problem。

Yash Sakhuja

We can easily call this book 'Climate Change for Dummies'。 It's well written and great book for starters who want to learn about climate change。 The concept of 'Green Premium' is Unique and is influential word coined by Bill Gates。 The author coming from a science and research background I expected a bit more detailed explanation on the technology availaible。Methods like Geoengineering could have been explained in a more detailed way as it is something that might be mankind's final resort to the We can easily call this book 'Climate Change for Dummies'。 It's well written and great book for starters who want to learn about climate change。 The concept of 'Green Premium' is Unique and is influential word coined by Bill Gates。 The author coming from a science and research background I expected a bit more detailed explanation on the technology availaible。Methods like Geoengineering could have been explained in a more detailed way as it is something that might be mankind's final resort to the problem of climate change given the doom day arrives。But, the author has succeeded in articulating the ideas of climate change in a hope that this book would stir more conversations on climate change in times to come。 。。。more

Nathan Muschinske

Provides sound reasoning and evidence of what the global situation is, options, the need for urgency now and how National governments, states, communities and even individuals can make an impact on fighting to get to zero。 I like his approach he states he uses when learning a new topic which seems somewhat similar to Feynman’s process。 He states his assumptions made for calculations and statistics he provides which I greatly appreciated coming from an engineering background。 He also tries to mak Provides sound reasoning and evidence of what the global situation is, options, the need for urgency now and how National governments, states, communities and even individuals can make an impact on fighting to get to zero。 I like his approach he states he uses when learning a new topic which seems somewhat similar to Feynman’s process。 He states his assumptions made for calculations and statistics he provides which I greatly appreciated coming from an engineering background。 He also tries to make this complex topic available to the level of the average reader and his presentation greatly helped improve my understanding of climate change。 We need to act now。 Now knowing the extent of the problem, some possible solutions available today and on the horizon give hope that we can do this。 Climate change in a global issue。 We all have to work together to get this done。 。。。more